| Name: |
Tu Di Gong,
T'u-ti Kung, Fu De, Fu-te, Fuk Tak, Zhang Mingde, Hou-te |
| Attributes: |
Often called
"The Earth God," he is in fact the tutelary god of a defined
location; there is a Tu Di for any given town or village, temple, and
even secular building. (In some systems, he is subservient to the City
God, however.) His popularity is so great that there are many
tales and beliefs about him--thus, he is very confusing. There are
said to be few temples dedicated to him; rather, he is present near the
doorways of temples, on earthen platforms outside, in the form of stones
"at the point where footpaths cross, under trees, by wells, on
mountainsides and in the center of villages," says Keith Stevens in
Chinese Gods. Yet in the as-yet limited touring that I have
down, I have seen several "Fuk Tak Temples."
He is commonly seen in buildings
in Hong Kong, often in the form of a niche with incense down at sidewalk
level. Furthermore, his role at crossings makes me think of the
Japanese custom of placing Jizo
Bosatsu (Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, whose name means "Earth
Store"), at crossroads.
The Tu Di for any given place provides
protection for the residents, and is thus often associated with police
and other protective services. He is approached for any matters,
public or private, that require supernatural intervention.
(Stevens points out that if the matter is private, it will only be
discussed with the ancestors in one's ancestral hall.) He is also
addressed regarding boundaries, and the erection or destruction of
buildings. Furthermore, when one moves, one bids farewell to the
Tu Di of the old place, and begins presenting offerings to the Tu Di of
the new place.
Finally, like so many other Chinese
gods, he plays a role in bringing prosperity, so he is sometimes seen
holding a golkd ingot, as in the image below.
In 100 Chinese Gods, Lu Yanguang
notes Tu Di's great humility (not surprising, as he is close to the
earth). He tells a story from the Ming Dynasty (by one Yang Ling)
that, "traveling incognito," Emperor Taizu and a companion
entered a crowded restaurant. Finding no table, the emperor
respectfully removed the Fu De tablet from the altar and used it
horizontally as a dining table. After the emperor left, his
companion, a scholar, re-placed the tablet. That night, the
scholar had a dream in which Fu De said, "The emperor has ordered
me not to sit on the altar table." Thereafter, he has
(usually) been found at floor- or graound-level.
|
| "History":
|
Born Zhang
Mingde, lowly servant to a "senior official, he once was escorting
the official's daughter from one town to another. Overtaken by a
snowstorm, he sheltered the child with his own clothing, but he himself
froze to death. In the sky appeared the words, "The Great
Immortal Fude of the South Heavenly Gate." The girl's father
built a temple in his honor, and the cult had begun.
His holidays include his birthday on
the second day of the second lunar month, and the Mid-Autumn Festival,
when he inspects the fields.
|
| Description: |
He may appear
as anything from a charming, fat old man, to a simple tablet or stone,
sometimes unmarked. |
| Found
at |
EVERYWHERE!
Having learned to read the characters for his name, I have seen him in a
niche inside the doors of temples or outside the doors of secular
buildings (where a cornerstone might be expected), on earthen or stone
platforms at the edge of villages, on proper altar tables both in- and
outdoors, and in the botom level of cabinet shrines, both in temples and
in homes. |
| About
the photos: |
All photos on
this page are copyright 2005 by James
Baquet |
Gallery
click photo to
enlarge
Just a few of
the many images I've seen
 |
 |
 |
Corner
of a building,
Central, Hong Kong |
Interior
of South Gate,
Xinan Old Town |
Altar
under a tree,
Tian Hou Miao, Chiwan
(The characters for
"Tu Di" are clearly visible
behind the figures.) |
Earthen (Stone,
Concrete) Platforms
 |
 |
 |
Next
to a grave near
San Shang Miao,
Meilin Park, Shenzhen |
Along
the historic trail in
Ping Shan, New
Territories, Hong Kong
Note two stones at back |
In
the center of the village
on Cheung Chau Island
Hong Kong
Note stones at back |
Disclaimer
|